Diabetes

There are two types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetestype 1 diabetes
Develops when the body does not produce the right amount of insulin or, in some cases, does not produce any at all. It must be treated with daily injections of insulin. People affected also need to manage their diet, eat regularly and plan exercise carefully to balance their energy needs with their food and insulin intake. which results from autoimmune destruction of certain cells in the pancreaspancreas
An endocrine gland which produces insulin. , so the body stops producing the hormone insulin. A combination of genetic and environmental factors are believed to trigger the autoimmune disease. Diet and lifestyle however, have nothing to do with causing this type of diabetes. 

Type 2 diabetestype 2 diabetes
The pancreas does produce insulin but cells stop responding properly to insulin. It is often linked to obesity and lack of exercise. Taking more exercise, losing weight and eating a carefully balanced diet can often control or even reverse type 2 diabetes. occurs when the body is still capable of producing insulin, but the amount produced is not enough to control sugar levels. 

In both, the body cannot regulate the level of glucoseglucose
A type of sugar: a mono saccharide with 6 carbon atoms (a hexose sugar).  in the blood. This can be because the body cells do not respond properly to the insulin produced, or because the production of insulin decreases. 

Type 1 diabetestype 1 diabetes
Develops when the body does not produce the right amount of insulin or, in some cases, does not produce any at all. It must be treated with daily injections of insulin. People affected also need to manage their diet, eat regularly and plan exercise carefully to balance their energy needs with their food and insulin intake.

• Usually develops before the age of 20, with a peak at 12 years old.
• Pancreaspancreas
  An endocrine gland which produces insulin.  stops making insulin.
• To manage the disease, sufferers will require insulin. In certain circumstances it may be possible to transplanttransplant
  The process of replacing a damaged or diseased organ with a healthy organ from a dead or living donor. insulin producing cells in the pancreas. NICE have published guidance on the diagnosis and management of Type 1 diabetes.(Overview | Type 1 diabetes in adults: diagnosis and management | Guidance | NICE) 
• About 10% of diabetes cases.
• Also called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitusdiabetes mellitus
  A disease resulting from a lack of insulin production by the pancreas or a loss of the cell response to insulin that causes a loss of control of the glucose balance of the body. (IDDM)
• Often diagnosed in childhood and is a serious lifelong condition
• Not caused by diet or lifestyle

Symptoms: develop quickly. Tiredness, excessive urine production, weight loss, increased thirst and blurred vision.

Type 2 diabetestype 2 diabetes
The pancreas does produce insulin but cells stop responding properly to insulin. It is often linked to obesity and lack of exercise. Taking more exercise, losing weight and eating a carefully balanced diet can often control or even reverse type 2 diabetes.

• Usually appears after the age of 40.
• Pancreaspancreas
  An endocrine gland which produces insulin. makes reduced amounts of insulin, or the body does not respond normally to the insulin produced.
• Treatments include diet control, medication and regular exercise.
• About 90% of cases.
• Also called non-insulin dependent diabetes

Symptoms: same as for type 1 but less severe and may go undetected for many years.

Type1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetestype 1 diabetes
Develops when the body does not produce the right amount of insulin or, in some cases, does not produce any at all. It must be treated with daily injections of insulin. People affected also need to manage their diet, eat regularly and plan exercise carefully to balance their energy needs with their food and insulin intake. is an auto-immune disease. The person's immune systemimmune system
The body's natural defence mechanism against infectious diseases.  attacks the cells in the pancreaspancreas
An endocrine gland which produces insulin. that make insulin. These cells are called the islets of LangerhansIslets of Langerhans
Groups of pancreatic cells which make the hormones such as insulin which control the blood sugar levels. . The immune system destroys them as if they were an infection. Insulin production is quickly and dramatically stopped.

People with type 1 diabetes often have a particular form of a gene that is involved in the production of cell-recognition proteins. They trigger the immune system to destroy the insulin-producing cells.

It may soon be possible to develop a genetic test to identify people who are at a high risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, where there is evidence of a faulty gene, it may even become possible to replace the faulty gene using gene therapygene therapy
A new, experimental method of fighting disease by replacing a defective gene with a healthy gene. .